Recognition · Changing
Portugal citizenship by descent: who qualifies in 2026
Grandchildren of Portuguese-born citizens can still claim nationality from birth. The 2026 reform, however, requires proof of an effective connection to Portugal, including knowledge of the language, history and national symbols. How applicants must prove this depends on regulations that are still pending.
- Route
- Nationality by attribution for grandchildren
- How far back
- Grandchildren, who must show an effective connection to Portugal. Great-grandchildren only after legal residence.
- Language test
- Yes
- Dual citizenship
- Allowed. You keep your US citizenship.
- Government fee
- €175 for adults (fee before the 2026 reform)
- Typical timeline
- Long; implementing regulations are still pending
The rules that decide eligibility
- Your grandparent must have been an original Portuguese citizen who never lost that nationality.
- Grandchildren must prove an effective connection to the Portuguese community. Since the 2026 reform, this includes Portuguese language and civics knowledge.
- Nationality by attribution counts from your birth, so you can pass it to your own children.
- After the connection is recognized, your birth must be registered in the Portuguese civil registry.
What to watch
- Organic Law 1/2026 took effect on May 19, 2026 (reported). Check the implementing regulations before publishing guides.